Research Starts with a Thesis Statement. Emily A. Wierszewski College Writing and Beyond, my book Securing a Place for Reading in. tain unity to human experience. As Michel de Montaigne, the great inno- vator and patron saint of personal essayists, put it, "Every man has within. Nations of Grand River, by. Alison Elizabeth Norman. A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. BITCOIN TO CARDANO EXCHANGE

Although subject to the vicissitudes of Tin Pan Alley and the gangster-ridden music business, as well as anti-black prejudice, he continued to develop his playing. Bookings for big bands tapered off during the s due to changes in public tastes: ballrooms closed, and there was competition from other types of music, especially pop vocals, becoming more popular than big band music. It became impossible under such circumstances to finance a piece touring band. A widespread revival of interest in the s in the traditional jazz of the s made it possible for Armstrong to consider a return to the small-group musical style of his youth.

Armstrong's manager, Joe Glaser dissolved the Armstrong big band on August 13, , and established a six-piece traditional jazz group featuring Armstrong with initially Teagarden, Earl Hines and other top swing and Dixieland musicians, most of whom were previously leaders of big bands. The new group was announced at the opening of Billy Berg's Supper Club. Louis Armstrong was present and loved the song. When it was released, the disc was a worldwide success and the song was then performed by the greatest international singers.

He was the first jazz musician to appear on the cover of Time magazine, on February 21, During this period, Armstrong made many recordings and appeared in over thirty films. A jazz ambassador Armstrong in By the s, Armstrong was a widely beloved American icon and cultural ambassador who commanded an international fanbase. However, a growing generation gap became apparent between him and the young jazz musicians who emerged in the postwar era such as Charlie Parker , Miles Davis , and Sonny Rollins.

The postwar generation regarded their music as abstract art and considered Armstrong's vaudevillian style, half-musician and half-stage entertainer, outmoded and Uncle Tomism , " Guys who invent terms like that are walking the streets with their instruments under their arms. Record of Armstrong's visit to Brazil, In the s, he toured Ghana and Nigeria. Armstrong's version remained on the Hot for 22 weeks, longer than any other record produced that year, and went to No.

In the process, he dislodged the Beatles from the No. By , he was approaching 70 and his health began to give out. He suffered heart and kidney ailments that forced him to stop touring. He did not perform publicly at all in and spent most of the year recuperating at home.

Meanwhile, his longtime manager Joe Glaser died. By the summer of , his doctors pronounced him fit enough to resume live performances. He embarked on another world tour, but a heart attack forced him to take a break for two months.

Many broadcast announcers, fans, and acquaintances called him "Louie" and in a videotaped interview from Lucille Armstrong calls her late husband "Louie" as well. Musicians and close friends usually called him "Pops".

On various live records he's called "Louie" on stage, such as on the "Can Anyone Explain? The same applies to his studio recording of the song "Chloe", where the choir in the background sings "Louie Louie", with Armstrong responding "What was that? Somebody called my name? Family Armstrong with Lucille Wilson c. He started the affair as a client. He returned to Gretna on several occasions to visit her.

He found the courage to look for her home to see her away from work. It was on this occasion he found out she had a common-law husband. Not long after this fiasco, Parker traveled to Armstrong's home on Perdido Street. Clarence Armstrong was mentally disabled as the result of a head injury at an early age, and Armstrong spent the rest of his life taking care of him.

She had divorced her first husband a few years earlier. His second wife helped him develop his career, but they separated in and divorced in Armstrong then married Alpha Smith. Louis then married Lucille Wilson, a singer at the Cotton Club in New York, in October ; they remained married until his death in His autobiography vexed some biographers and historians, as he had a habit of telling tales, particularly of his early childhood when he was less scrutinized, and his embellishments of his history often lack consistency.

He was beloved by an American public that gave even the greatest African American performers little access beyond their public celebrity, and he was able to live a private life of access and privilege afforded to few other African Americans during that era. However, he did criticize President Eisenhower for not acting forcefully enough on civil rights.

During his s European tour, he suffered an ulceration so severe that he had to stop playing entirely for a year. Eventually he took to using salves and creams on his lips and also cutting off scar tissue with a razor blade. By the s, he was an official spokesman for Ansatz-Creme Lip Salve. Doctors were concerned about his lungs and heart, but by June 26 he rallied.

The nickname has many possible origins. He scooped the coins off the street and stuck them into his mouth to prevent bigger children from stealing them. Someone dubbed him "satchel mouth" for his mouth acting as a satchel. Another tale is that because of his large mouth, he was nicknamed "satchel mouth" which was shortened to "Satchmo". The nickname "Pops" came from Armstrong's own tendency to forget people's names and simply call them "Pops" instead.

The nickname was turned on Armstrong himself. It was used as the title of a biography of Armstrong by Terry Teachout. Eisenhower , calling him "two-faced" and "gutless" because of his inaction during the conflict over school desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas , in As a protest, Armstrong canceled a planned tour of the Soviet Union on behalf of the State Department saying: "The way they're treating my people in the South, the government can go to hell" and that he could not represent his government abroad when it was in conflict with its own people.

He used laxatives to control his weight, a practice he advocated both to acquaintances and in the diet plans he published under the title Lose Weight the Satchmo Way. He described marijuana as "a thousand times better than whiskey". On the road, he wrote constantly, sharing favorite themes of his life with correspondents around the world. He avidly typed or wrote on whatever stationery was at hand, recording instant takes on music, sex, food, childhood memories, his heavy "medicinal" marijuana use—and even his bowel movements, which he gleefully described.

Although he is usually listed as being a member of Montgomery Lodge No. However, Armstrong stated in his autobiography that he was a member of the Knights of Pythias , which although real is not a Masonic group. Along with his "clarinet-like figurations and high notes in his cornet solos", he was also known for his "intense rhythmic 'swing', a complex conception involving Armstrong's improvisations, while unconventionally sophisticated for that era, were also subtle and highly melodic.

The solo that Armstrong plays during the song " Potato Head Blues " has long been considered his best solo of that series. Armstrong was virtually the first to create significant variations based on the chord harmonies of the songs instead of merely on the melodies.

This opened a rich field for creation and improvisation, and significantly changed the music into a soloist's art form. At the same time, however, his oeuvre includes many original melodies, creative leaps, and relaxed or driving rhythms. Armstrong's playing technique, honed by constant practice, extended the range, tone and capabilities of the trumpet.

In his records, Armstrong almost single-handedly created the role of the jazz soloist, taking what had been essentially a collective folk music and turning it into an art form with tremendous possibilities for individual expression. Armstrong was an avid audiophile. He had a large collection of recordings, including reel-to-reel tapes, which he took on the road with him in a trunk during his later career. He enjoyed listening to his own recordings, and comparing his performances musically.

In the den of his home, he had the latest audio equipment and would sometimes rehearse and record along with his older recordings or the radio. Armstrong was not the first to record scat singing, but he was masterful at it and helped popularize it with the first recording on which he scatted, " Heebie Jeebies ". At a recording session for Okeh Records , when the sheet music supposedly fell on the floor and the music began before he could pick up the pages, Armstrong simply started singing nonsense syllables while Okeh president E.

Fearn, who was at the session, kept telling him to continue. Armstrong did, thinking the track would be discarded, but that was the version that was pressed to disc, sold, and became an unexpected hit. Although the story was thought to be apocryphal, Armstrong himself confirmed it in at least one interview as well as in his memoirs. Such records were hits and scat singing became a major part of his performances. Long before this, however, Armstrong was playing around with his vocals, shortening and lengthening phrases, interjecting improvisations, using his voice as creatively as his trumpet.

During his long career he played and sang with some of the most important instrumentalists and vocalists of the time; among them were Bing Crosby, Duke Ellington , Fletcher Henderson , Earl Hines , Jimmie Rodgers , Bessie Smith and perhaps most famously Ella Fitzgerald. His influence upon Crosby is particularly important with regard to the subsequent development of popular music: Crosby admired and copied Armstrong, as is evident on many of his early recordings, notably "Just One More Chance" His techniques—easing the weight of the breath on the vocal cords, passing into a head voice at a low register, using forward production to aid distinct enunciation , singing on consonants a practice of black singers , and making discreet use of appoggiaturas , mordents , and slurs to emphasize the text—were emulated by nearly all later popular singers.

Handy and Satch Plays Fats all Fats Waller tunes were both being considered masterpieces, as well as moderately well selling. The albums feature many of Ellington's most famous compositions as well as two exclusive cuts with Duke sitting in on piano.

His participation in Dave Brubeck 's high-concept jazz musical The Real Ambassadors was critically acclaimed, and features "Summer Song", one of Armstrong's most popular vocal efforts. Louis Armstrong in In the week beginning May 9, , his recording of the song " Hello, Dolly " went to number one. An album of the same title was quickly created around the song, and also shot to number one knocking The Beatles off the top of the chart. The album sold very well for the rest of the year, quickly going "Gold" , His performance of "Hello Dolly" won for best male pop vocal performance at the Grammy Awards.

It reached number 3 in the charts on being re-released. His song "Bout Time" was later featured in the film Bewitched. Stylistic range Armstrong enjoyed many types of music, from blues to the arrangements of Guy Lombardo , to Latin American folksongs, to classical symphonies and opera.

He incorporated influences from all these sources into his performances, sometimes to the bewilderment of fans who wanted him to stay in convenient narrow categories. Armstrong was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an early influence. Some of his solos from the s, such as the hard rocking version of " St.

Louis Blues " from the WC Handy album, show that the influence went in both directions. Armstrong appeared in more than a dozen Hollywood films, usually playing a bandleader or musician. He appears throughout the film, also sings the title song as well as performs a duet with Crosby, " Now You Has Jazz ".

In the film The Five Pennies he played himself, sang, and played several classic numbers. Armstrong alongside Barbra Streisand in Hello, Dolly! January Que, Hua Surviving to thriving: post-secondary education for refugee youth in smaller centres in Canada.

November Yeaher, Sampson Effects of peer feedback and assessment on successive drafts of student narrative writing: the case for student assessor and assessee. September Zhang, Yushuo Exploring the communicative competence of Chinese graduate students at Memorial University. August Hefferman, Adam The place of food science in Newfoundland's high school curriculum: preparing for local, sustainable food culture and security.

July Cowan, Jessica Educational and school psychologists' use of theory in practice. June

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